A Structural Equation Model on Work Design in Relation to Authentic Leadership, Workplace Spirituality, and Practical Emotional Intelligence of Public Elementary Teachers

Authors

  • Omarisa Samal Sagad Author
  • Dr. Rinante L. Genuba Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.5.5.7

Abstract

The study determined the best fit model for the work design based on authentic leadership, workplace spirituality, and practical emotional intelligence of public elementary teachers. Using e-survey through Google Forms, data was collected from the teachers using a set of modified survey questionnaires that were tested for content validity and reliability. This study used a quantitative descriptive and causal method of research. The statistical tools employed in analyzing the data includes the mean, Pearson-r, and structural equation model (SEM). Results of the study revealed the following: the level of authentic leadership was very high; the level of workplace spirituality was high; the level of practical emotional intelligence was high; and, the level of work design for teachers was high. Moreover, a significant relationship was established between the exogenous and endogenous variables. In addition, authentic leadership, workplace spirituality, and practical emotional intelligence significantly influence work design for teachers. Of the five (5) generated models, Model 5 best fits work design among public elementary teachers with practical emotional intelligence bringing the biggest impact. The model successfully passed all the conventions of a reasonable fit; hence, it is deemed the most parsimonious model.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, W., and Asghar, I. (2018). The role of leadership in organizational change: Relating the successful organizational change to visionary and innovative leadership. Graduate Thesis: University of Gävle.

Andrei, D., & Parker, S. K., (2018). Work design for performance: Expanding the Criterion Domain. In Anderson, N., Viswesvaran, & HK Sinangil (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Industrial, Work, and Organizational Psychology, 2nd ed., 2(2):357-377. Los Angeles: SAGE

Bayona, J. A., Caballer, A., and Peiro, J. M. (2020). The Relationship between Knowledge Characteristics' Fit and Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. Retrieved from www.mdpi.com%2F2071-1050%2F12%2F6%2F2336%2Fpdf&usg=AOvVaw2W8SkyaARd1zPQPYpJnyI7

Belwalkar, S., Vohra, V., and Pandey, A. (2021). The relationship between workplace spirituality, job satisfaction and work design – an empirical study. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eme/srjpps/srj-05-2016-0096.html

Bhandari, P. (2021). An introduction to correlational research. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/correlational-research/

Burack, E. H., 2019. Spirituality in the workplace. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(4):280-291.

Campbell, R. P., &Habbergas, R. (2022). How emotionally intelligent are pre-service teachers? Teaching andTeacher Education, 28, 750-759. doi: 10.1016/j.tate.2022.02.007.

Center for Transformative Design (2021). Can employees change their own work design? Retrieved from https://www.transformativeworkdesign.com/about-work-design

Chinomona, E. (2017). Modelling the Influence of Workplace Spirituality, Quality of Work Life, Expectations towards Work on Commitment to Long-Term Career of Employees in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(4).

Civelek, M. E. (2018). Essentials of structural equation modeling. Essentials of Structural Equation Modeling (2018).

Coaching Leaders, Ltd. (2022). The Practical EQ Emotional Intelligence Self-Assessment. Retrieved from www.coachingleaders.co.uk/emotional-intelligence-test

Crossland-Thackray, G. (2022). Mindfulness at work: what are the benefits? Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/careers/careers-blog/mindfulness-at-work-benefits

Damien, J. (2019). Malcolm Gladwell Says All Great Jobs Have These 3 Qualities. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/malcolm-gladwell-on-great-jobs-satisfying-work-2019-11

Dehler, G. E. and Welsh, M. A. (2022). The experience of work: Spirituality and the new workplace. In: R. A. Giacalone and C. L. Jurkiewicz, eds. Handbook of Workplace Spirituality and Organizational Performance. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 108-122.

den Broeck, A. J., and Parker, S. K. (2017). Job and work design. Retrieved from https://oxfordre.com/psychology/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.001.0001/acrefore-9780190236557-e-15

Department of Education Region XII SOCCSKSARGEN (2021). SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Retrieved from https://deped12.weebly.com/about-deped-xii.html

DJS Research (2021). Quantitative Research Design. Retrieved from https://www.djsresearch.co.uk/glossary/item/Quantitative-Research-Design

Drown, D. (2022). Work Design Characteristics as Moderators of the Relationship between Proactive Personality and Engagement. Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1073.

Duchon, D. and Plowman, D. A. (2015). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 16:807-833.

ESCO (2021). Work context. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/esco/portal/escopedia/Work_context

Fidler, T. (2022). Authentic Leadership. Harvard Business Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.harvardbusiness.org/blog/authentic-leadership-0

Form Plus (2021). Purposive Sampling: Definition, Types, Examples. Retrieved from https://www.formpl.us/blog/purposive-sampling

Gavin, M. (2019). Authentic leadership: what it is and why it is important? Retrieved from https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/authentic-leadership

George, B. (2007). True North: Discover Your Authentic Leadership. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.

George, B. (2022). Authentic Leadership: Rediscovering the secrets to creating lasting value. San Francisco:Jossey-Bass.

Gliem, J. A., & Gliem, R. R. (2003). Calculating, interpreting, and reporting Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient for Likert-type scales. Midwest Research-to-Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education.

Goleman, D. (2022). Emotional Intelligence in the Workplace. Retrieved from https://www.valamis.com/hub/emotional-intelligence-in-the-workplace

Grant, A. M., and Parker, S. K. (2019). Redesigning Work Design Theories: The Rise of Relational and Proactive Perspectives. Acad. Manag. Ann. 3, 317–375.

Graziano, A., and Raulin, M. (2019). Research Methods: A Process of Inquiry, 9th edition. New York: Smith International.

Greater Good Magazine (2021). What is compassion? Retrieved from https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/topic/compassion/definition

Harung, H.S., et al. (2016). Peak performance and higher states of consciousness: A study of world-class performers. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(4):3-23.

Ifioque (2021). Job Social Characteristics. Retrieved from https://ifioque.com/career-workshop/social-characteristics-of-jobs

IGI Global (2021). What is knowledge characteristic? Retrieved from The Task Management Guide (2021). What is task characteristic? Retrieved from http://www.taskmanagementguide.com/glossary/what-is-task-characteristic.php

International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (2001). Structural Equation Modeling. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/structural-equation-modeling

Josselson, R. (2007). The ethical attitude in narrative research. In Clandinin, D. J. (2007) (ed.). Handbook of Narrative Inquiry. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Karadag, E. &Oztekin-Bayir, O. (2018). The effect of authentic leadership on school culture: A structural equation model. IJELM, 6(1), 40-75. doi:10.17853/ijelm.2018.2858

Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. Retrieved from https://www.guilford.com/books/Principles-and-Practice-of-Structural-Equation-Modeling/Rex-Kline/9781462523344

Kolodinsky, R. W., Giacalone, R. A., and Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2018). Workplace values and outcomes: Exploring personal, organizational, and interactive workplace spirituality. Journal of Business Ethics, 81:465-480.

Krishnakumar, S. and Neck, C. P. (2022). The "what", "why" and "how" of spirituality in the workplace. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(3):153-164.

Laabs, J. J. (1995). Balancing spirituality and work. Personnel Journal, 74(9):60-76.

Malik, S. (2022). Workplace Spirituality as a Predictor of Workplace Attitudes among Pakistani Doctors. Journal of Organizational Psychology. doi:10.7237/sjpsych/232

Mensch, K. (2022). What Is Leadership? Forbes Magazine. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinMensch/2022/04/09/what-is-leadership/

Mind Tools (2021). Emotional Intelligence: Developing Strong People Skills. Retrieved from https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCDV_59.htm

Mindful Communication (2021). What is mindfulness? Retrieved from https://www.mindful.org/what-is-mindfulness/

Moore, E. R., Bergman, N., Anderson, G. C., & Medley, N. (2016). Early skin‐to‐skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane database of systematic Reviews, (11).

Natural HR (2017). Why is Emotional Intelligence Important? Retrieved from https://www.naturalhr.com/2017/10/10/emotional-intelligence-important/

Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and Practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

Office of Chief Minister's Information & Communications Office (2020). DepEd Cotabato City, schools in 63 towns in NorthCot now under BARMM. Retrieved from https://bangsamoro.gov.ph/news/latest-news/deped-cotabato-city-schools-in-63-towns-in-northcot-now-under-barmm/

Parker, S. K. (2019). Beyond motivation: Job and work design for development, health, ambidexterity, and more. Annual Review of Psychology, 65:661–691.

Parker, S. K., Morgeson, F., Johns, G. (2017). One hundred years of work design research: looking back and looking forward. Invited article, Special Centennial Issue, Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3):403-420.

Pennsylvania State University. (2017). Lesson 12: Authentic Leadership. In PSYCH485: Leadership in Work Settings: Spring 2017. Retrieved from: http://psu.instructure.com.

Philippine Statistics Authority (2021). Census of Population: Population, Land Area, and Population Density. Retrieved from http://www.psa.gov.ph

Powlus, A. (2017). Five Characteristics of Authentic Leaders. Retrieved from https://sites.psu.edu/leadership/2017/04/09/15415/

Rajappan, S., Nair, R., Priyadarshini, K., and Sivakumar, V. (2017). Exploring the effect of workplace spirituality on job embeddedness among higher secondary school teachers in Ernakulam district. Cogent Business & Management, ISSN 2331-1975, Taylor & Francis, Abingdon, Vol. 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1334419

Smith (2018). 21st Century Knowledge and Skills in Educator Preparation. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED519336.pdf

Stark, A. (2020). The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership and Resilience, Moderated by Coping Skills Moderated by Coping Skills. Retrieved from https://digitalcommons.spu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1027&context=iop_etd

The Ontario Public Service (2021). 21st Century Competencies: Foundation Document for Discussion. Retrieved from https://www.kslaring.no/pluginfile.php/57624/mod_page/content/1/21stCentury%20Competencies.pdf

The Task Management Guide (2021). What is task characteristic? Retrieved from http://www.taskmanagementguide.com/glossary/what-is-task-characteristic.php

The Wing Institute (2021). Effective Instruction Overview. Retrieved from https://www.winginstitute.org/effective-instruction-overview

Thomas, L. (2023). Stratified Sampling. Retrieved from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/stratified-sampling/

Tischler, L., Biberman, J., and McKeage, R. (2022). Link emotional intelligence, spirituality and workplace performance: Definitions, model and ideas for research. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(3), 203-218.

Towsen, T., Stander, M. W., and van der Vaart, L. (2020). The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership, Psychological Empowerment, Role Clarity, and Work Engagement: Evidence from South Africa. Front. Psychol. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01973

Vocabulary (2021). Definition of transcendence. Retrieved from https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/transcendence

Workplace Spirituality, Meditation, and Work Performance. Journal of Management Spirituality & Religion. doi:10.1080/14766086.2022.6886

Yoke, L and Panatik, S. (2015) Emotional Intelligence and Job Performance among School Teachers. Asian Social Science, 11(13). ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025.

Downloads

Published

2023-10-11

How to Cite

Sagad, O. S., & Genuba, D. R. L. (2023). A Structural Equation Model on Work Design in Relation to Authentic Leadership, Workplace Spirituality, and Practical Emotional Intelligence of Public Elementary Teachers. International Journal of Humanities and Education Development (IJHED), 5(5), 44-63. https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.5.5.7