Evolution of Women’s Wrestling in India: Trends, Challenges, and Policy Support

Abstract

This study examines the evolution of women’s wrestling in India, tracing its transformation from a traditionally male-dominated practice to a dynamic and increasingly inclusive sport. It analyses historical developments, participation trends, regional patterns, and the socio-cultural context that has shaped women’s entry into wrestling. The paper highlights how states such as Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and parts of the North-East have emerged as key hubs due to stronger grassroots systems, community traditions, and state-level incentives. Despite progress, women wrestlers continue to face significant challenges, including socio-cultural barriers, financial constraints, inadequate infrastructure, safety concerns, and limitations in institutional governance. The study further evaluates policy frameworks, such as the Khelo India Programme and the Target Olympic Podium Scheme (TOPS), as well as state-supported initiatives that have strengthened talent identification, coaching, and athlete welfare. It highlights the increasing importance of professional coaching, sports science, and gender-sensitive support systems in fostering future development. The paper concludes that while significant gains have been made, advancing women’s wrestling in India requires continued reforms in safety, equity, institutional transparency, and access for rural and underprivileged girls. Strengthening these foundations is crucial for establishing a robust and inclusive ecosystem that fosters long-term excellence in women’s wrestling.