Netizens’ criticism of the government’s policy of “Meme Lockdown” during the Covid-19 pandemic; in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22161/jhed.3.2.5Abstract
Indonesia was shocked by the presence of the Corona-19 virus in early 2020. Indonesian people respond to policies related to handling Covid-19 by closing access to their territory and making memes about corona. One of the interesting phenomena that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic was the number of banners or memes posted in the alleys of human settlements in Indonesia, as a form of freedom of opinion to respond to the policies of the Indonesian Government Program in preventing the more massive spread of Covid-19. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the data used in this study is a language game on photo uploads in the form of memes on Instagram accounts. The selected data is adjusted to the research needs and is representative data. The purpose of this study is to describe language games with sound and semantic substitution in the Lockdown Policy Meme on the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia through Instagram. The results showed that in the field of phonology tended to use substitution language games, while in the field of semantics, the most widely used was homonym language games. The language game in memes during the Covid-19 Pandemic has not yet become a force affecting the policies implemented by the Indonesian government. In other words, the anxiety and uncertainty were hidden in the Corona meme only meant as a pun or humor that can make the reader smile a little and feel optimistic. This paper has implications for developing criticism of government policies via the internet as a medium of communication and for managing the balance between stability and change due to the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. This paper fulfils an identified need to study how the internet as public sphere and medium to communicate about government policies in the current era.
Downloads
References
Abbas, A. M., Yousof, E., Kamel, M., Selim, S., Ahmed, S., & Ismail, Y. (2020). Mobile Apps and Memes in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic; Could this Make Quarantine More Acceptable?
Afifah, N., & Sari, R. P. (2020, February). Gesture as Language in Drakeposting Internet Meme (A Study of Semiotics). In Proceedings (Vol. 1, No. 1).
Bauckhage, Christian. 2011. Insight into Internet Memes. Proceedings of the Fifth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 42-49
Baudrillard, J., & Foss, P. (1983). Simulations (p. 1). New York: Semiotext (e).
Bennett, W. L., Wells, C., and Freelon, D. (2011). Communicating civic engagement: Contrasting models of citizenship in the youth web sphere. Journal of communication, 61(5), 835-856.
Beohm, C. (2020). What Do You Meme? How Twitter Memes Can Alter Perceptions of Major Democratic Presidential Candidates.
Bernhard, E. M. (2020). Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, Gretchen Mcculloch (2019). Explorations in Media Ecology, 19(2), 225-228.
Beskow, D. M., Kumar, S., & Carley, K. M. (2020). The evolution of political memes: Detecting and characterizing internet memes with multi-modal deep learning. Information Processing & Management, 57(2), 102170.
Bimber, B. (2014). Digital media in the Obama campaigns of 2008 and 2012: Adaptation to the personalized political communication environment. Journal of information technology and politics, 11(2), 130-150.
Blackmore, S. (2009). Dangerous Memes; or, What the Pandorans let loose. In Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data (p. 297).
Bolshakova, M. G. (2019). INTERNET MEME AS A MEANS OF LINGUO-CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEVELOPMENT. In LinguaNet (pp. 124-126).
Brewer, W. F., & Lichtenstein, E. H. (1982). Stories are to entertain: A structural-affect theory of stories. Center for the Study of Reading Technical Report; no. 265.
Brunello, J. (2012). Internet-memes and everyday-creativity: Agency, sociability and the aesthetics of postmodernism. Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam.
Burton, G. (2010). Media and society: Critical perspectives. McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Cameron, K. (Ed.). (1993). Humour and history (Vol. 1). Intellect Books.
Collin Dictionary Online (2020) Available on: https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/lockdown Accessed June 3rd, 2020
Da Silva, P. D., & Garcia, J. L. (2012). YouTubers as satirists: Humour and remix in online video. JeDEM-ejournal of eDemocracy and Open Government, 4(1), 89-114.
Dawkins, R. (1999). The Selfish Meme. Time, 153(15), 52-53. elibrary.ru
Della Coletta, C. (2012). Of Work and Leisure: Digital World’s Fairs and the Active Fairgoer. PMLA, 127(4), 939-946.
Dynel, M. (2009), Beyond a Joke: Types of Conversational Humour. Language and Linguistics Compass, 3: 1284-1299. doi:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2009.00152.x
Friedman, S. (2014). Comedy and distinction: The cultural currency of a ‘Good’sense of humour. Routledge.
Gershon, I. (2017). Language and the Newness of Media. Annual Review of Anthropology, 46, 15-31.
Gray, J., Jones, J. P., & Thompson, E. (2009). The state of satire, the satire of state. Satire TV: Politics and comedy in the post-network era, 3-36.
Guadagno, R. E., Rempala, D. M., Murphy, S., and Okdie, B. M. (2013). What makes a video go viral? An analysis of emotional contagion and Internet memes. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2312-2319.
Haspelmath, M. (2003). The geometry of grammatical meaning: Semantic maps and cross-linguistic comparison. The new psychology of language, 2(1976), 1-30.
Haythornthwaite, C. (2005). Social networks and Internet connectivity effects. Information, Community and Society, 8(2), 125-147.
Hill, M. L., Kender, J. R., Natsev, A. I., Smith, J. R., & Xie, L. (2017). U.S. Patent No. 9,552,442. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Hirsch, P. B. (2020). Follow the dancing meme: intergenerational relations in the workplace. Journal of Business Strategy.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., ... & Cheng, Z. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 395(10223), 497-506.
Islam, A. N., Laato, S., Talukder, S., & Sutinen, E. (2020). Misinformation sharing and social media fatigue during COVID-19: An affordance and cognitive load perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 159, 120201.
Isma Noornisa Ismail, Thilagavathi Shanmuganathan, Azianura Hani Shaari (2020) Defying Out-group Impoliteness: An Analysis of Users’ Defensive Strategies in Disputing Online Criticisms http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2001-08
Kanashina, S. (2020). Internet Meme as a Creolized Text. Available at SSRN 3529078.
Kirner-Ludwig, M. (2019). Internet memes as multilayered re-contextualization vehicles in lay-political online discourse. Internet Pragmatics.
Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, B. (1976). Speech Play: Research and Resources for Studying Linguistic Creativity.
Kompas, (2020). https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/03/03/06314981/fakta-lengkap-kasus-pertama-virus-corona-di-indonesia?page=all Accessed September 24th 2020.
Kovalyova, I. (2020). Memes as business tool.
Lenadora, D. S., Gamage, G. S. W., Haputhanthri, H. D. I., Meedeniya, D., & Perera, I. (2020). Exploratory Analysis of a Social Media Network in Sri Lanka during the COVID-19 Virus Outbreak. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.07855.
Leung, L., & Lee, P. S. (2005). Multiple determinants of life quality: The roles of Internet activities, use of new media, social support, and leisure activities. Telematics and Informatics, 22(3), 161-180.
Löf, R. (2020). When the Jokes Get Serious: Politics and Populism in Spanish Internet Memes.
Marciszewski, M. (2020). The Problem of Modern Monetization of Memes: How Copyright Law Can Give Protection to Meme Creators. In Pace Intellectual Property, Sports & Entertainment Law Forum (Vol. 9, No. 1, p. 61).
McKenna, K. Y., & Bargh, J. A. (2000). Plan 9 from cyberspace: The implications of the Internet for personality and social psychology. Personality and social psychology review, 4(1), 57-75.
Miltner, K. M. (2018). Internet memes. The SAGE handbook of social media, 412-428.
Moleong, L. J. (2013). Qualitative Research Methodology Revised Edition. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya Offset Publisher.
Plevriti, V. (2014). Satirical user-generated memes as an effective source of political criticism, extending debate and enhancing civic engagement. Unpublished Dissertation. University of Warwick.
Relman, E. (2020). Business insider Singapore. Cited April 30th 2020. Available on: https://www.businessinsider.sg/deadly-china-wuhan-virusspreading-human-to-human-officialsconfirm-2020-1/?r=US&IR=T
Robinson, J. P., Kestnbaum, M., Neustadtl, A., and Alvarez, A. (2000). Mass media use and social life among Internet users. Social Science Computer Review, 18(4), 490-501.
Schutz, C. E. (1977). Political humor: From aristophanes to sam ervin. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press.
Sherzer, J. (2002). Word Play and Verbal Art.
Shifman, L. (2012). An anatomy of a YouTube meme. New media and society, 14(2), 187-203.
Shifman, L. (2013). Memes in a digital world: Reconciling with a conceptual troublemaker. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 18(3), 362-377.
Shifman, L. (2014). Memes in digital culture. MIT press.
Sulistyaningtyas, T., Jaelani, J., & Suryani, Y. (2020). Power of Knowledge and Community Social Class above Covid-19 Pandemic Information on Social Media. Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia, 5(1), 52-62.
Theisen, W., Brogan, J., Thomas, P. B., Moreira, D., Phoa, P., Weninger, T., & Scheirer, W. (2020). Automatic discovery of political meme genres with diverse appearances. arXiv preprint arXiv:2001.06122.
Ward, M. R. (2020). Patterns in Internet Meme Production. Available at SSRN 3604651.
WHO, 2020a Global Surveillance for human infection with novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). [Serial on The Internet]. Accessed June 2nd 2020. Available on:(https://www.who.int/publicationsdetail/globalsurveillance-for-human-infection-withnovelcoronavirus-(2019-ncov)
WHO, 2020b WHO Director-General’s remarks at the media briefing on 2019-nCov on 11 February 2020. Accessed June 1st 2020. Available on: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-generals-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february2020
Wijana, I. D. P. (2017). Exploitation of Pragmatic Aspects in Indonesian Humorous Discourses. Journal of Language and Literature, 17(2), 108-115.
Wood, M. A. (2020). Policing's ‘meme strategy’: understanding the rise of police social media engagement work. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 32(1), 40-58.
Woods, H. S., & Hahner, L. A. (2019). Make America meme again: The rhetoric of the Alt-right. New York: Peter Lang.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
